Diesel landcruiser workshop manual

look at the cylinder considering technical compression. Diesel motors perform by compressing just the atmosphere. This boosts the environment temperature within the cylinder to such a higher level that atomised diesel gasoline that is inserted in to the burning chamber ignites in an instant . This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol motor or petrol system, which use a spark connect to ignite an air-fuel combination. In diesel machines, shine plugs enables you to support beginning in winter, or as soon as the motor utilizes a diminished compression-ratio, or both. The initial diesel engine operates in the "continual pressure" pattern of progressive combustion and creates no audible knock.
A diesel system built by MAN AG in 1906
Detroit Diesel timing
Fairbanks Morse design 32

The diesel engine gets the highest thermal effectiveness of any useful external or internal combustion engine due to its high development ratio and built-in lean burn which makes it possible for temperatures dissipation because of the extra atmosphere. A small performance control is also avoided compared to two-stroke non-direct-injection gasoline engines since unburned gas is not current at device overlap and so no fuel goes straight from intake/injection into the exhaust. Low-speed diesel machines may have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50per cent.

Diesel machines are created as either two-stroke or four-stroke rounds. They certainly were originally made use of as an even more efficient replacement for stationary vapor motors. Because the 1910s they have been used in submarines and boats. Use in locomotives, vehicles, hefty products and electricity generation flowers used later. Within the 1930s, they slowly started to be applied in some cars. Since the 1970s, the usage of diesel machines in bigger on-road and off road vehicles in the US enhanced. Based on the Brit people of Motor Manufacturing and dealers, the EU typical for diesel vehicles makes up 50per cent of the complete sold, like 70per cent in France and 38per cent in the united kingdom.

The diesel internal-combustion motor differs through the gas powered Otto pattern through the use of highly compressed hot air to ignite the gas versus making use of a spark plug.

Inside true diesel engine, best atmosphere are in the beginning launched into the burning chamber. Air will be squeezed with a compression proportion usually between 15:1 and 23:1. This high-compression causes the temperatures of atmosphere to rise. At concerning the the top of compression swing, fuel was inserted straight into the compressed air when you look at the burning chamber. This may be into a void in the top of the piston or a pre-chamber based upon the style associated with the system. The fuel injector ensures that the gas is divided into little droplets, hence the gasoline are distributed uniformly. Heat of this compressed-air vaporizes gasoline from the area regarding the droplets. The vapour is then ignited by the temperatures through the compressed-air within the combustion chamber, the droplets continue to vaporise from their surfaces and burn off, becoming smaller and smaller, until all of the gas within the droplets is burnt. Combustion happen at a substantially continual stress during the initial an element of the power stroke. The start of vaporisation causes a delay before ignition additionally the characteristic diesel slamming noise while the vapour hits ignition temperatures and causes an abrupt upsurge in pressure above the piston. Whenever combustion try total the combustion gases expand while the piston descends further; the high-pressure in the cylinder drives the piston downward, supplying power to the crankshaft.

As well as the higher level of compression enabling burning to occur without a different ignition system, a higher compression ratio greatly escalates the motor's efficiency. Increasing the compression proportion in a spark-ignition system where gasoline and air are blended before entry towards cylinder is restricted by the need to prevent damaging pre-ignition. Since best environment are squeezed in a diesel motor, and gas just isn't launched in to the cylinder until fleetingly before top dead-centre, premature detonation isn't a challenge and compression ratios are much greater.

The p–V diagam is a simplified and idealised representation regarding the activities involved in a Diesel engine pattern, arranged to show the similarity with a Carnot period. Beginning at 1, the piston is at base dead-centre and both valves is closed in the very beginning of the compression stroke; the cylinder includes atmosphere at atmospheric force. Between 1 and 2 the atmosphere is compressed adiabatically—that is without temperature transfer to or from the environment—by the increasing piston. During this compression, the amount try paid down, pressure and temperature both increase. At or somewhat before 2 gas are injected and burns off within the compressed heat. Substance energy sources are circulated which comprises an injection of thermal energy in to the compressed gasoline. Burning and home heating take place between 2 and 3. In this interval the stress remains continual since the piston descends, and volume improves; the temperature rises as a result of the vitality of burning. At 3 gasoline shot and combustion tend to be full, and also the cylinder contains gasoline at a greater heat than at 2. Between 3 and 4 this hot petrol expands, once again about adiabatically. Tasks are complete in the program that the motor are connected. During this expansion period the amount associated with the gasoline goes up, and its own temperatures and pressure both fall. At 4 the fatigue device starts, and the stress drops suddenly to atmospheric. This is certainly unresisted growth with no of use work is done by it. If at all possible the adiabatic growth should carry on, expanding the range 3–4 off to the right before the pressure drops compared to that associated with the surrounding atmosphere, but the loss in effectiveness due to this unresisted growth was warranted because of the useful difficulties involved with recuperating it. After the opening regarding the fatigue device, the exhaust swing employs, but this aren't revealed on diagram. If shown, they might feel represented by a low-pressure cycle at the end associated with the diagram. At 1 it is assumed that exhaust and induction shots have been completed, as well as the cylinder was once more filled up with atmosphere. The piston-cylinder program absorbs energy between 1 and 2—this is the services needed seriously to compress air in cylinder, and it is provided by mechanical kinetic power kept in the flywheel associated with engine. Efforts result is done because of the piston-cylinder combination between 2 and 4. the essential difference between those two increments of work is the indicated work output per cycle, and it is represented because of the room enclosed because of the p–V cycle. The adiabatic development is within a higher pressure range than compared to the compression due to the fact fuel inside cylinder try hotter during expansion than during compression. Its for this reason that the loop has a finite location, and web production of work during a cycle is good.
When it comes to reputation for the J series from the original 1951 Toyota Jeep BJ through J20 show read Land Cruiser record from 1950 to 1955.

1960: J40 show launched/2,430 mm/2,650 mm).
1963: extended wheelbase), FJ45-B, pickup and cab-chassis were added).
1967: End of four-door FJ45V) production, changed by FJ55 section truck).

2-door FJ45-B renamed FJ45).

1968 40-series manufacturing commences as Bandeirante in Brazil, with locally created Mercedes-Benz diesel system.

Toyota Land Cruiser hardtop

1973?: HJ45 launched with all the H, 3.6-litre inline 6-cylinder diesel system.
1974: BJ40/43 launched with the B, 3.0-litre inline 4-cylinder diesel motor. A factory-fitted roll bar becomes standard in the usa.
1975: backside barn doorways is included with US design FJ40s. The lift gate remains readily available as an alternative far away.
1976: disk brake system on front side axle.
1977: Front door vent microsoft windows eliminated, included backside vent house windows from the difficult top in the us
1979: Power steering and ac put into your options, equipment ratios customized from 4:11 to 3:70 in the usa to be more freeway friendly
1980: HJ47 launched with a 4.0-liter six-cylinder diesel system. End of HJ45 production.

BJ42/46 and BJ45 launched with a 3.4-liter four-cylinder diesel engine.

1981: Power steering included regarding BJ models toward choices, disk brake system added in Australia.
1984: End of J40 show manufacturing.
1993: Five-speed transmission becomes available for the Toyota Bandeirante.
1994: In Brazil, the Mercedes-Benz OM-364 engine are changed because of the Toyota 14B unit.
2001: End of Bandeirante production.

Designs
1975 Land Cruiser FJ45 pickup
1963 Land Cruiser Section Wagon
1981 Land Cruiser HJ47 utility

The J40/41/42 was a two-door quick wheelbase four-wheel-drive automobile, with either a soft or a hardtop. It had been readily available with different petrol or diesel motors over their life time. It was changed of many areas from 1984 because of the J70 series.
The FJ42 was 4X2 design, for only The Middle East.
The J43/J44/46 ended up being an extremely unusual two-door moderate wheelbase four-wheel-drive vehicle, with either a smooth or a hard-top. It had been replaced on most areas from 1984 because of the J70 show.
The J45/47 was a long-wheelbase four-wheel-drive automobile, obtainable in two-door hardtop, three-door hardtop, four-door station wagon and two-door pickup brands. The four-door section wagon design had been the shortest-lived of the J40 show, as it had been changed because of the FJ55G/V in 1967.
The Bandeirante TB25/TB41/TB51 show is J25 series Land Cruisers built in Brazil by Toyota manage Brasil Ltda from 1962 to 1968. In 1966 they certainly were changed by the OJ32 and OJ31 when it comes to TB25, as well as the TB81 the TB51; for an unknown reasons the TB41 would keep its J2 code until 1968 whenever Toyota manage Brasil turned toward J40 show.
The 2nd generation Bandeirante OJ40/OJ45 show, OJ50/OJ55 Series and BJ50/BJ55 show is J40 series automobiles built-in Brazil by Toyota do Brasil Ltda from 1968 to 2001. Exactly the same as the BJ40 in nearly every value, it have a couple of stylistic improvements into grille and made use of Mercedes-Benz OM-314/OM-324/OM-364 diesel engines for much of its production lifetime; another noticeable gran characteristic will be the whole hind doors rather than the conventional Toyota two-wing hind doors during the Bandeirante's tough top products.

Land Cruiser paint color codes Code shade
012 Cygnus White
031 Light
033 White
113 Health Grey
309 Freeborn Red
310 Capri Azure
414 Buffalo Brown
415 Pueblo Brown
416 Dune Beige
464 Beige
Customary Beige
474 Deep Copper
532 Mustard Yellow
611 Dark-green
621 Rustic Green
622 Nebula Green
653 Sicilian Olive
681 Green
808 Horizontal Azure
822 Royal Azure
854 Sky-blue
857 Nordic Blue
Feel Azure
The Bandeirante Versions

1968:
OJ40L - Quick soft top bushdrive vehicle - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 - replaces the OJ32L
OJ40LV - Quick tough top bushdrive car - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 - replaces the OJ31L
OJ40LV-B - Long tough top bushdrive vehicles - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 - replaces the TB41L
OJ45LP-B - Quick pickup with local bed - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 - replaces the TB81L
1973:
OJ50L - brief smooth top bushdrive car - engine Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - replaces the OJ40L
OJ50LV - Short hard top bushdrive vehicle - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - replaces the OJ40LV
OJ50LV-B - Long hard top bushdrive vehicles - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - replaces the OJ40LV-B
OJ55LP-B - brief pickup with indigenous bed - engine Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - replaces the OJ45LP-B
between 1973 and 1989:
OJ55LP-B3 - Quick chassis-cab pickup - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - newer in 19??
OJ55LP-BL - Long pickup with indigenous sleep - engine Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - brand new in 19??
OJ55LP-BL3 - Short chassis-cab pickup - engine Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - latest in 19??
OJ55LP-2BL - Long 2-door double cabin pickup with local bed - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - new in 19??
1989:
OJ50L - Quick soft top bushdrive vehicle - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-364 - replaces the OJ50L with Mercedes-Benz OM-314 engine
OJ50LV - brief tough top bushdrive automobile - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-364 - replaces the OJ50LV with Mercedes-Benz OM-314 engine
OJ50LV-B - very long tough top bushdrive vehicles - engine Mercedes-Benz OM-364 - replaces the OJ50LV-B with Mercedes-Benz OM-314 motor
OJ55LP-B - brief pickup with native bed - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-364 - replaces the OJ55LP-B with Mercedes-Benz OM-314 engine
OJ55LP-B3 - Short chassis-cab pickup - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-364 - replaces the OJ55LP-B3 with Mercedes-Benz OM-314 motor
OJ55LP-BL - longer pickup with local bed - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-364 - replaces the OJ55LP-BL with Mercedes-Benz OM-314 motor
OJ55LP-BL3 - Long chassis-cab pickup - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-364 - replaces the OJ55LP-BL3 with Mercedes-Benz OM-314 engine
OJ55LP-2BL - Long 2-door dual cabin pickup with native sleep - engine Mercedes-Benz OM-364 - replaces the OJ55LP-2BL with Mercedes-Benz OM-314 engine
1994:
BJ50L - Short smooth top bushdrive car - motor Toyota 14B - April 1994 to November 2001 - replaces the OJ50L
BJ50LV - brief tough top bushdrive car - motor Toyota 14B - April 1994 to November 2001 - replaces the OJ50LV
BJ50LV-B - very long difficult top bushdrive vehicles - engine Toyota 14B - April 1994 to November 2001 - replaces the OJ50LV-B
BJ55LP-B - Quick pickup with indigenous bed - engine Toyota 14B - April 1994 to November 2001 - replaces the OJ55LP-B
BJ55LP-B3 - Quick chassis-cab pickup - engine Toyota 14B - April 1994 to November 2001 - replaces the OJ55LP-B3
BJ55LP-BL - lengthy pickup with indigenous sleep - engine Toyota 14B - April 1994 to November 2001 - replaces the OJ55LP-BL
BJ55LP-BL3 - longer chassis-cab pickup - motor Toyota 14B - April 1994 to November 2001 - replaces the OJ55LP-BL3
BJ55LP-2BL - very long 2-door two fold cabin pickup with indigenous bed - motor Toyota 14B - April 1994 to November 2001 - replaces the OJ55LP-2BL
1999:
BJ55LP-2BL4 - Long 2-door two fold cabin pickup with native sleep - engine Toyota 14B - 1999 to November 2001 - new in 1999

The 70 Series try a family group of Toyota Land Cruiser designs created from 1984 through to the current day. They changed the 25-year-old 40 Series as off-road workhorse associated with the Land Cruiser history, whilst 60 show developed into more comfortable traveler off-road automobiles. Despite big alterations in styling and numerous technical news, the 70 show is designed to wthhold the off road effectiveness and toughness which is why the 40 Series have become known. The 70 Series ended up being marketed across the world, excluding region like India, American, Mexico, Brazil and Korea. As a celebration associated with the Land Cruiser 70's 30th anniversary, Toyota briefly sold the Land Cruiser 70 series in Japanese market for year.
1984–1999: The 70 / 75 show Toyota Land Cruiser took more than from 40 / 45 group of workhorse four-wheel drives in 1984. The styling maintained a family similarity into 40 / 45 series but became most angular. The 70 / 71 series ended up being the short-wheelbase, the 73 / 74 had been the medium-wheelbase and 75 / 77 is the long-wheelbase. The latter arrived as cab-chassis/utility with a "panelled" tray, and "troop service" hard-top. Toyota in addition manufactured lighter responsibility versions that provided the 70 Series designation from 1985 to 1996, and are promoted in various parts of the world while the Bundera, the Prado, or the Land Cruiser II. Among these, the Prado name trapped, and each customization took they further from its 70 show roots. Starting in 1997 the Prado is referred to as 90 Series, together with come to be a light-duty passenger 4x4 without regards to the 70 Series.

1999: The pick-up version had been designated the 79 show, the Troop service became the 78 series, in addition to short-wheelbase version ended up being eliminated in most areas. The principal mechanical modifications are: coil sprung live front axle; much longer rear leaf springs; 5-bolt tires in place of 6-bolt wheels; redesigned tyre; redesigned front signs; and, into the cab-chassis, an extended wheelbase, which enhanced the trunk space capability.

2007: The facelifted 70 show began manufacturing in January for market production in late February / early March 2007. Modifications incorporate big modifications on forward end build, getting rid of the trademark flat fenders featured on all commercial Land Cruiser show' since the 40 series. This modification alongside a wider front axle/track and broader framework are necessary to let fitment of brand-new Euro-4 compliant 4.5L V8 turbo diesel, the 1VD-FTV. This motor was initially only for the Australian markets, where it was the sole motor available. Africa as well as other areas continuing with straight-6 petrol and 1HZ diesel machines. To be able to fill the hole kept because of the elimination of lower-specification brands in 100-series and 200-series range, a 4-door truck variant is introduced alongside the long-running cab-chassis and Troop provider body. The very first time an increased GXL specification amount has also been introduced in a few markets when it comes to cab-chassis and wagon variants. This specs amount included numerous extra convenience and protection features never ever earlier seen on commercial show Land Cruisers. In 2007 these were made in Venezuela the 50th anniversary version, came with bumper, gas container, back blockers, winch, stirrups. Best 300 had been made.

2009: Venezuela's President Hugo Chávez threatened to expropriate Toyota's vegetation for the reason that nation if Toyota also vehicles producers refused to share with you their technology with neighborhood people and satisfy specific quotas. The 70 show Land Cruiser can be used throughout Venezuela for the transportation neighborhood, the police, and the nationwide Guard of Venezuela.

2009: The 1FZ/1FZ-E motor is changed because of the 4.0L 1GR-FE within the areas in which petrol-powered variations can be obtained, including Bolivia, Colombia while the Middle East.

2012: Toyota introduced a double-cabin HZJ79 pickup body type, incorporating the extended 3180 mm wheelbase associated with the earlier two-door pickup utilizing the four doors and single, 130-litre gasoline tank associated with wagon system kinds.

2014: Toyota introduced the 4-door truck GRJ76 and double-cabin GRJ79 pickup body in Japan marketplace as a limited-edition '30th Anniversary' show 70. This model came with the 1GR-FE V6 petrol engine and 5 speeds handbook transmission. This design are on restricted purchase in Japan just until June 2015 when Japanese legislation calls for brand new cars to come with Vehicle Skid Control – which the 70 Series won't have.

2015: The Land Cruiser 70 is supposed to be made by Salvador Caetano in Ovar, Portugal in an updated version from middle 2015 onwards for export into the African marketplace, Morocco in particular. But the design won't be reintroduced into European markets because its motors are not emissions-certified in Europe. This might be in spite of the 1VD-FTE getting designed for the Land Cruiser 200 in a twin-turbo version. The Portuguese-built Land Cruisers have actually a 231 PS system and a five-speed guide, and manufacturing initially contained a five-door station truck and a double-cab pickup.